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| IRAN - Hrana report on War |
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IRAN - Hrana Report on US/Israeli Operations in Iran
May 18, 2026: May 18, 2026 - IRAN. Hrana Report on US/Israeli Operations in Iran
A 238 pages report
Today, Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA) released a new report examining the US and Israeli military campaign in Iran between 28 February and 8 April 2026. The report documents 6,324 unique incidents comprising 12,798 distinct attacks, based on 177 verified sources, including open-source reporting and HRA’s in-country network.
It is important to note that the report is not intended to provide a comprehensive account of the conflict. Rather, its findings are limited to incidents documented and verified within HRA’s dataset.
Methodology
HRA relies on two primary and parallel workflows to document the scale of destruction and associated civilian harm.
First, HRA systematically collects open-source information, which is cross-checked against credible external reporting and corroborated through its established in-country network.
Second, HRA receives direct reports from its network, which are independently verified through additional contacts or cross-referenced with open-source material. In all cases, inclusion requires corroboration from at least two independent sources, with consistency in key details such as time, location, and nature of the incident.
HRA also separately preserves official narratives and state-reported figures, which are not incorporated into verified casualty counts. Incident data and casualty figures presented in the report represent documented minimums only and do not capture the full scope of harm.
Key Findings
â—¾ï¸HRA documented 6,324 unique incidents comprising 12,798 distinct attacks between 28 February and 8 April 2026. Within HRA’s dataset, 77 percent of incidents involved civilian harm or damage to civilian objects.
â—¾ï¸Of HRA’s verified incidents, Tehran province accounted for 44.85 percent of documented incidents, followed by Isfahan (10.5 percent), Khuzestan (6.74 percent), and Alborz (6.23 percent), indicating that some of Iran’s most densely populated provinces experienced a disproportionate concentration of attacks and civilian harm.
â—¾ï¸HRA documented at least 3,636 fatalities, including 1,701 civilians, 1,221 military personnel, and 714 individuals whose identity or status could not be confirmed. These figures should be understood as minimums.
â—¾ï¸HRA verified the deaths of 307 children and injuries to 2,213 children as a result of the attacks. HRA documented attacks affecting schools, sports facilities, parks, and residential areas where children were present, a majority on the first day of the conflict.
The report identifies several patterns that raise serious concerns under international humanitarian law, including:
â—½ï¸apparent failures in target verification,
â—½ï¸use of artificial intelligence with minimal human oversight,
â—½ï¸inadequate and inaccessible warnings,
â—½ï¸the use of large explosive weapons in populated areas,
â—½ï¸Repeated or “double-tap” strikes,
â—½ï¸attacks targeting widespread civilian infrastructure
Public rhetoric by senior US and Israeli officials also raised concerns, particularly statements suggesting disregard for rules of engagement and direct threats directed at civilian infrastructure.
â—¾ï¸HRA independently verified damage to the following (noncomprehensive):
â–«ï¸108 educational facilities
â–«ï¸50 healthcare facilities
â–«ï¸122 cultural and religious sites
â–«ï¸381 industrial and commercial facilities
â–«ï¸173 electricity generation and distribution sites
â–«ï¸191 judicial and law enforcement facilities
HRA additionally documented conduct by Iranian authorities that increased civilian exposure to harm.
At the same time, Iranians experienced a convergence of harm through increased domestic repression. At least 4,023 individuals were arrested on accusations including espionage, threats to national security, or sharing information related to the conflict. Conditions inside detention facilities sharply deteriorated, while authorities expanded checkpoints, intensified movement restrictions, and imposed a prolonged internet blackout that reduced national connectivity to approximately 1 percent of normal levels. Between 28 February and 13 May, HRA documented 50 executions, including 32 carried out on political and security-related grounds. HRA also documented increased child presence at Basij checkpoints following an IRGC recruitment campaign targeting children as young as 12 years old.
Annexes
The report annexes include:
â—¾ï¸a detailed list and analysis of weapons and munitions documented during the conflict, prepared with the support of HRA’s internal weapons specialist,
â—¾ï¸casualty documentation,
â—¾ï¸detainee documentation,
â—¾ï¸and a compilation of HRA’s ground reporting, open-source verification, and exclusive visual documentation
https://www.en-hrana.org/between-missiles-and-repression-hra-releases-new-report-on-us-israeli-operations-in-iran/ (Source: Hrana)
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