government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy
state of civil and political rights: Free
constitution: 29 December 1978; amended 1992, 2011
legal system: civil law system with regional variations; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
legislative system: bicameral General Courts (Las Cortes Generales) consists of Senate (Senado) and Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados)
judicial system: Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room, with a president and 9 judges; the Penal Room, with a president and 14 judges; the Administrative Room, with a president and 32 judges; the Social Room, with a president and 12 judges; and the Military Room, with a president and 7 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges); National High Court; High Courts of Justice (in each of the autonomous communities); provincial courts; courts of first instance
religion: Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)
death row:
year of last executions: 0-0-0
death sentences: 0
executions: 0
international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (aiming to the abolition of the death penalty)
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
situation:
