government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy

state of civil and political rights: Free

constitution: 29 December 1978; amended 1992, 2011

legal system: civil law system with regional variations; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations

legislative system: bicameral General Courts (Las Cortes Generales) consists of Senate (Senado) and Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados)

judicial system: Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room, with a president and 9 judges; the Penal Room, with a president and 14 judges; the Administrative Room, with a president and 32 judges; the Social Room, with a president and 12 judges; and the Military Room, with a president and 7 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges); National High Court; High Courts of Justice (in each of the autonomous communities); provincial courts; courts of first instance

religion: Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)

death row:

year of last executions: 0-0-0

death sentences: 0

executions: 0