government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
state of civil and political rights: Free
constitution: adopted 1815; revised 8 times, the latest in 1983; amended many times, last in 2018
legal system: civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
legislative system: bicameral States General (Staten Generaal) consists of the Senate (Eerste Kamer) and the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer)
judicial system: Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice presidents, 31 justices or raadsheren, and 3 justices in exceptional service, referred to as buitengewone dienst); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers; courts of appeal; district courts, each with up to 5 subdistrict courts; Netherlands Commercial Court
religion: Roman Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8% (includes Dutch Reformed, Protestant Church of The Netherlands, Calvinist), Muslim 5%, other 5.9% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 54.1% (2019 est.)
death row:
year of last executions: 0-0-0
death sentences: 0
executions: 0
international treaties on human rights and the death penalty:International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (aiming to the abolition of the death penalty)
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
situation:
