government: parliamentary republic

state of civil and political rights: Free

constitution: 1 January 1993; amended several times, last in 2021

legal system: new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 - based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory - and reintroducing former Czech legal terminology; has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration

legislative system: bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consists of the Senate (Senat) and the Chamber of Deputies (Snemovna Poslancu)

judicial system: Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers); High Court; regional and district courts

religion: Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)

death row:

year of last executions: 0-0-0

death sentences: 0

executions: 0